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The Klingon language ('' tlhIngan Hol'', pronounced ) is the constructed language spoken by the fictional Klingons in the Star Trek universe.Described in the 1985 book ''The Klingon Dictionary'' by Marc Okrand and deliberately designed to sound "alien", it has a number of typologically uncommon features. The language's basic sound, along with a few words, was first devised by actor James Doohan ("Scotty") for ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture''. That film marked the first time the language had been heard on screen. In all previous appearances, Klingons spoke in English. Klingon was subsequently developed by Okrand into a full-fledged language. Klingon is sometimes referred to as Klingonese (most notably in the ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' episode "The Trouble with Tribbles", where it was actually pronounced by a Klingon character as "Klingonee" ) but, among the Klingon-speaking community, this is often understood to refer to another Klingon language called Klingonaase that was introduced in John M. Ford's 1984 ''Star Trek'' novel ''The Final Reflection,'' and appears in other ''Star Trek'' novels by Ford. A shorthand version of what had previously been termed "Klingonaase", and later adopted under the same name by '' tlhIngan Hol'' itself, is called "battle language", or "Clipped Klingon". The ''Klingon Christmas Carol'' play is the first production that is primarily in Klingon (only the narrator speaks English). The opera '' ’u’'' is entirely in Klingon.A small number of people are capable of conversing in Klingon. Its vocabulary, heavily centered on Star Trek-Klingon concepts such as spacecraft or warfare, can sometimes make it cumbersome for everyday use. ==External history== Though mentioned in the original ''Star Trek'' series episode "The Trouble with Tribbles", the Klingon language first appeared on-screen in ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture'' (1979). According to the actor who spoke the lines, Mark Lenard, James Doohan recorded the lines he had written on a tape, and Lenard transcribed the recorded lines in a way he found useful in learning them. For ''Star Trek III: The Search for Spock'' (1984) director Leonard Nimoy and writer-producer Harve Bennett wanted the Klingons to speak a structured language instead of random gibberish, and so commissioned a full language based on the phrases Doohan had come up with from Marc Okrand, who had earlier devised four lines of Vulcan dialogue for ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan''.〔〔Okrent, Arika. ''In the Land of Invented Languages''. Spiegel & Grau, 2009, pp. 266-267. ISBN 978-0-385-52788-0〕 Okrand enlarged the lexicon and developed a grammar based on the original dozen words Doohan had created. The language appeared intermittently in later films featuring the original cast—for example, in ''Star Trek V: The Final Frontier'' (1989) and in ''Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country'' (1991), where translation difficulties served as a plot device. Two "non-canon" dialects of Klingon are hinted at in the novelization of ''Star Trek III: The Search for Spock'', as Saavik speaks in Klingon to the only Klingon officer aboard Capt. Kruge's starship after his death, as the survivors of the ''Enterprise'''s self-destruction transport up from the crumbling Genesis Planet to the Klingon ship. The surviving officer, Maltz, states that he speaks the ''Rumaiy'' dialect, while Saavik is speaking to him in the ''Kumburan'' dialect of Klingon, per Maltz's spoken reply to her. With the advent of the series ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' (1987)—in which one of the main characters, Worf, was a Klingon—and successors, the language and various cultural aspects for the fictional species were expanded. In the ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' episode "A Matter of Honor", several members of a Klingon ship's crew speak a language that is not translated for the benefit of the viewer (even Commander Riker, enjoying the benefits of a universal translator, is unable to understand) until one Klingon orders the others to "speak their (humans' ) language". A small number of non-Klingon characters were later depicted in ''Star Trek'' as having learned to speak Klingon, notably Jean-Luc Picard and Jadzia Dax. Worf would later reappear among the regular characters in ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' (1993) and B'Elanna Torres, a Klingon-human hybrid, would become a main character on ''Star Trek: Voyager'' (1995). The use of untranslated Klingon words interspersed with conversation translated into English was commonplace in later seasons of ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine,'' when Klingons became a more important part of the series' overall story-arcs. The pilot episode of the prequel series ''Star Trek: Enterprise'', "Broken Bow" (2001) describes the Klingon language as having "eighty polyguttural dialects constructed on an adaptive syntax". However, Klingon as described on television is often not entirely congruous with the Klingon developed by Okrand. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Klingon language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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